Hinton, LeCun and Bengio are called godfathers of AI as they have pioneered deep learning. Their contributions to AI and ML are significant. They won the Turing Award, 2018 for their work in deep learning. It is equivalent to Nobel Prize in computing.

Geoffrey Hinton recently left Google, but was a professor at the University of Toronto and a researcher at Google. Yann LeCun is a professor at NY University. Yoshua Bengio is a professor at University of Montreal and started an AI company called Element AI.

Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks with three or more layers. Here they mimic the behaviour of human brain. They learn from large amounts of data. The multiple layers progressively extract higher-level features from the raw input.

Machine learning (ML) is a subset of AI. It trains algorithms to make predictions or decisions based on data. Deep learning is a subset of ML. It uses neural networks with three or more layers. It is modelled on CNS. ML uses simpler concepts such as predictive models, while deep learning uses artificial neural networks (ANNs) designed to imitate the human brain in thinking and learning.

ML can be used in healthcare to predict diseases and diagnose patients. In finance, it can detect fraud and predict stock prices. In marketing, it can personalize ads and recommend products. In manufacturing, it can optimize production processes and reduce waste. In transport it can optimize routes and reduce traffic.

Deep learning can be used to create virtual assistants who understand voice commands. It can be used in autonomous cars. It can be used to develop chatbots. It can be used for facial recognition. It can be used to diagnose diseases and predict patient outcomes.