Sodium-ion batteries are likely to replace lithium-ion batteries in certain segments of the automobile market. India could emerge as a major hub for the manufacturing of sodium-ion batteries. What are the reasons for sodium-ion gaining traction? Of course, lithium-ion rule the market for electric vehicles. Sodium-ion has some inherent advantages. First of all, sodium is abundantly available. Its extraction costs are very low. Lithium, in comparison, is not so widely available ( that is why it is costly).

A sodium-ion battery uses aluminium, whereas lithium-ion uses copper. Copper is costlier. Sodium-ion is safer, and can be transported at zero volt. Lithium-ion batteries have to be stored with a minimum charge at all times. There could be a fire hazard.

Sodium-ion is 30 to 40 per cent cheaper than lithium-ion. Sodium-ion charges faster, and lasts more. In 7-8 minutes, sodium-ion can charge up to 80 percent.

The average range of sodium-ion is 30 per cent lower and could rise to 50 per cent. Thus a sodium-ion battery is relevant for 3-wheelers and public transport. Range limitation is a key issue for passenger cars.