In 5G implementation, there are two options — use the proprietary technology of global telecom gear makers such as Ericsson, Nokia and Samsung or use open radio access network (O-RAN). The proprietary technology is offered as a bundle of hardware and software. India is skeptical about the Chinese companies such as Huawei and ZTE. The US supports O-RAN.

As the benefits of O-RAN, they cite the reduction of network capital costs, freedom to choose vendors and flexibility in network management.

Though India has opted for O-RAN, as a percentage of global 5G sites, it is only 1 per cent, and may reach 3 per cent by 2030. Rautken, Japan and Dish Networks, US have deployed 5G O-RAN. Its deployment on other networks is on trial.

O-RAN, being disruptive technology, will have teething problems, and will scale up by 2023-24 on Indian introduction. It is expected to get stabilised by 2025, or else it is doomed.

O-RAN is being supported by global giants — Intel, Qualcomm, Google, Amazon and India’s Big Tech TCS and Tech Mahindra.

Jio has embarked upon its own O-RAN technology in some areas through either its R&D or Radisys, its US aquisition. Jio wants to sell its own O-RAN version globally.

Traditional telecom gear makers are ready to adapt to the flexibility element O-RAN offers to ensure business.