At present, 50 percent plus chips required by the world are provided by one company — Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). It also provides 90 per cent plus high-end chips required by the world. Chip manufacturing mainly happens in Asia. The technology used is Deep ultraviolet (DUV) which allows chips up to the size of 10 nanometers (nm) to be manufactured optimally. The latest technique is Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) from ASML that can produce chips of smaller sizes, say 5 nm and below 5nm.

The smaller chips are employed in nuclear missile, aerospace and stealth sectors.

A significant amount of chip-related software code is written in India, say in the gaming sector and the niche industries.