Management Education

Management education 1.0 started as teaching of the theories of management principles, organisation theories, essential subjects such as quantitative techniques and functional areas of management. Management education 2.0 became more learner-focused by introducing discussions and debates, case studies and participatory style. There was student to teacher, student to student and student to group interactions. Management education 3.0 used audio and e-books and internet. Management education 4.0 has been confined to class-rooms, and has access to remote resources online. There are video chats and dialing through voice calls. The material from which one learns has become dynamic, and keeps pace with the learner. Management education 4.0 has been developed in response to Industry 4.0 which uses internet-based technology. It makes personallised learning possible.

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